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Showing posts with label Beneficiation of China clay. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Beneficiation of China clay. Show all posts

Improvement in the Quality of Indian China Clay after Various Treatments

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22-Feb-2010

In our earlier post [Beneficiation of China Clays] we have discussed regarding the different processes employed for the beneficiation of china clays. The various treatments of beneficiation help to enhance the required chemical constituents through: (a) elimination of the mineral and other impurities, and (b) concentration by achieving required particle size and thus, improve other physical and optical properties for the china clay.     

The following table shows the improvements in the quality of china clay after various treatments:
Constituents %
Feed
Method of Beneficiation
Wet Screening (Product <50 µ)
Hydrocycloning
High Intensity Magnetic Separation (HIMS)
<50 µ
<20 µ
<20 µ
After HIMS
SiO2
82.5
54.9
54.9
46.4
46.4
46.8
TiO2
0.10
0.32
0.32
0.22
0.22
0.10
Al2O3
10.7
30.6
30.6
37.5
37.5
38.0
Fe2O3
0.47
1.21
1.21
1.10
1.10
0.81
CaO
0.03
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
MgO
0.15
0.37
0.37
0.25
0.25
0.25
K2O
2.35
2.51
2.51
1.89
1.89
1.37
Na2O
0.12
0.29
0.29
0.13
0.13
0.10
LOI
2.95
9.69
9.69
12.29
12.29
12.44
% <2µ
--
39
39
50
50
52
Yield %
--
25
--
75
--
90

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Beneficiation of China Clay

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8-Feb-2010

Major Impurities in China Clay are quartz, mica, feldspar and iron oxide minerals. China clay is an important raw material for many industries like rubber, textile, paper, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paint, and refractory besides ceramic industry. For any value-added application, the run-of-mines (ROM) clay is to be processed to remove or reduce the ancillary mineral impurities associated with the same. Beneficiation helps to achieve required particle size and size distribution and also to attain other physical and optical properties for the clay. [Refer to the article Improvement in the Quality of Indian China Clay after Various Treatments]. The different processes generally employed for beneficiation of china clays are:

1. Size separation through levigation technique;
Refractory Lining | Installation: China clay lump image2. Hydrocycloning by wet route;
3. Magnetic separation by high intensity magnetic separator (HIMS);
4. Froth flotation;
5. Deflocculation;
6. Chemical treatments like Acid Leaching and Bleaching.
7. Drying
8. Micronizing
9. Air-classification and Surface treatment.
Refractory Lining | Installation: China clay after beneficiation image
The ‘Levigation’ process by which the washing is done, involves passing the clay slurry through a series of troughs or channels with different slopes. This process aids in the settling of grit and other heavy mineral while floating of light fractions like mica. Settling of finest quality takes place in the final tank. This beneficiated clay is then dried and marketed to different industries as per the required specification and grading. 

‘Micronizing’ includes Test for physical properties like Bulk density, Oil absorption, Whiteness, and Particle - size distribution analysis etc. Sometimes, Surface Treatment is also done for testing of hydrophobicity, oil absorption and uniformity of coating.   
Mining and beneficiating activities often occur in a single location. De-colorization of clay is also attempted for certain clays which are coloured due to the presence of iron and titanium oxides. This is important since colour after firing is an important characteristic criterion of the china clay which is required for Ceramic Industry and some times in refractory industry too.
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