Refractories and Refractory Products - Glossaries for terms starting with alphabet P

Refractory lining Job | Refractories | Refractory Raw materials

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Peeling

The loss of a part of from the surface of a refractory material as a consequence of cracking behind the hot face.  

Peep hole (Spy hole)

A hole made in the Refractory for the purpose of observation.

Periclase

Crystalline magnesium oxide, MgO.

Picrochromite

Magnesium chrome spinel.

Pinion wall / Pip

Non-refractory end wall of a battery. Refractory bottom with a point on its upper surface. 

Pitch bonded basic brick

Unburned refractory bricks (shapes) bonded with pitch. If subsequently heat-treated sufficiently to minimize softening of the bond on reheating, they are referred to as tempered.   

Pitch impregnated basic brick

Burned basic refractory bricks impregnated with pitch after firing.

Plastic refractory

(1) A refractory composition (mix) that can be readily used and may contain some additive (sintering aid) to ensure sintering at a relatively low temperature. (2) A refractory mix of ground fireclay materials in plastic form that can be suitably rammed into a place to form a monolithic lining.

Plasticity

The property of a material, especially clay that allows it to be shaped without cracking and to retain its new form.

Port

These are furnace openings through which liquid or gaseous fuel and/or air for combustion is introduced.

Pot

A vessel which may be either open or closed, used for melting glass.

Pot arch

A furnace for pre-heating pots.    

Pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE)

The number of the standard pyrometric cone that bends at the temperature at which the test cone bends (or the numbers of the standard cones that bend immediately before or after that temperature) under the standardized conditions of the refractoriness test.  

Permanent linear change on reheating (PLC)

The per cent dimensional change in length (based on original length) of a refractory specimen free from any externally applied stress, after being subjected to a specified temperature for a specified period of time.  

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Glossary of Refractory Terms starting with alphabet - O

Refractory (technology) Terms

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Orifice ring

Annular piece of refractories of accurate size fitted below the feeder spout, through which the glass flows.

Oven sole

Refractory brickwork on which the coal charge rests.     

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Glossary of Refractories and Refractory related terms starting with alphabet - N

Refractories and Refractory Technology

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Needle or Plunger

The vertical part of a feeder which alternatively forces the glass through the orifice and pulls it up after shearing.

Neutral refractories

Refractories that is resistant to chemical attack by both acid and basic slags, refractories and fluxes even at high temperatures.   

Nose or Mouth

Upper opening of a converter through the gases escape, charging is done and deslagging and pouring are effected.  

Nozzle

A hollow refractory of circular / pipe shape containing an orifice through which molten materials or hot gases are transmitted.

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Glossary of Refractory Terms starting with alphabet - M

Refractory technology | Refractory Lining Job

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Magnesite

An important component of basic refractories usually obtained by calcining magnesium carbonate, also from Sea Water.

Matrix

The medium or base material in which crystals are embedded.  

Melting point

The temperature at which the crystalline and liquid phases having the same composition coexist in equilibrium. Metals and pure crystalline materials have sharp melting points. But most refractories have no true melting points rather they melt progressively over a wide range of temperatures.

Mineralizer

Substance present in or added in small quantities to a batch in order to expedite the formation, during subsequent firing, of certain compounds or phases etc.   

Monolithic

Term applied to refractory lining or brick which are joint less and are formed by in situ casting or ramming to make an integral structure.

Mullite

The main component of acid refractories, highly refractory alumino-silicate, not found in nature except in traces, but obtained from firing fire clays and various sillimanite group of minerals like - sillimanite, andalusite, kyanite, etc.

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Refractory related glossaries for terms starting with alphabet L

Refractory (technology) Terms

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Ladle

A refractory-lined metal vessel used to hold and transport molten product (metal).  

Ladle brick

Refractory bricks including fireclay bricks, suitable for lining Ladles used to contain molten metal. 

Lamination

Directional faults in texture that may be formed during the shaping of clayware or other refractories.  

Launder or Lander

A refractory lined open channel along which molten steel or other molten material flows from the furnace.

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Glossary of Refractory Terms starting with alphabet - K

Refractory Terms and Definitions

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Key

In furnace construction the uppermost or the closing refractory brick of a curved arch.

Key brick

See Bullhead.

Kiln

A device or enclosure to provide thermal processing of an article or substance in a controlled temperature environment or atmosphere, often by direct firing, but occasionally by convection or radiation heat transfer. Kilns are used in many different industries, and the type of device called a kiln varies with the industry. When melting is involved as in steel manufacture, the term furnace is used, as in blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace.

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Definitions of Refractories, Refractory Lining and Products whose terms are starting with alphabet J

Refractory (technology) Terms

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Jack arch

A sprung arch in which the outer surface is horizontal and the inner surface is either horizontal or arched with a large radius.

Jacket, Shell or Casing

The metal casing of the furnace enclosing the refractory brickwork.

Jamb

1. The vertical refractory brickwork of a furnace door or any other opening.

2. a vertical structural member forming the side of an opening in a furnace wall. Also for a type of refractory brick shapes, intended for use in sides of wall openings.    

Jamb brick

1. A brick, generally square-shaped, with one side forming part of the oven wall and the side at right angles to it forming part of the outside wall of the battery.

2. a brick in which one end face is completely rounded off to join one side face.

Joint

A space between refractory bricks generally filled with refractory mortar / cement.

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Glossary of Refractory Terms starting with alphabet I

Refractory Job | Refractory lining, Products and Technology
(Terms and Definitions)

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Ignition arch

Refractory arch designed to ensure good ignition of the fuel on mechanical grates..

Incongruent melting

Dissociation of a compound upon heating, with the formation of another compound and a liquid of different composition from the original compound. .

Insulating firebrick

A refractory brick characterized by low thermal conductivity and low heat capacity.

Intumscence

The property possessed by certain materials e.g. Perlites, of expanding permanently during suitable heat treatment, forming a vesicular texture. .

Iron notch or Taphole

A hole in the hearth wall which is opened to allow molten iron to flow from the furnace.

Iron spot

A dark coloured spot formed from particles of iron or its compounds present in a brick.

Isomorphous mixture

A type of solid solution in which mineral compounds of analogous chemical composition and closely related crystal habit crystallize together in various proportions. Each mixture is a homogeneous crystalline phase.  

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Glossary of Refractories, Products and Refractory Lining related terms starting with alphabet H

Refractory LINING | REFRACTORIES | REFRACTORY JOB

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Halloysite

A kind of very white, translucent clay.

Header

A brick laid on the flat or on the edge with its length perpendicular to the wall.

Hearth

The lower part of the blast furnace in which the molten metal and slag are retained.

Hearth bottom

The refractory lining upon which the molten iron is contained in the hearth.

Heat baffles

Refractory work protecting a metallic beam from heat.

Heat capacity or Thermal capacity

The quantity of heat required to increase the temperature of a body by one degree or which the body yields when the temperature is lowered by one degree, without change of state.

Heat-setting bonding mortar

A refractory mortar which requires relatively high temperature for the development of a bond.

Hood, Boot or Potette

Refractory shape introduced into the furnace and partly immersed in glass to protect the gathering point from the furnace gases and the surface scum.  

Hot-blast main

A circular duct which conveys the hot blast from a stove to a blast furnace.

Hot-blast stove Cowper stove

A vertical cylindrical furnace having a combustion chamber and checkers which alternatively receive heat from the combustion of blast furnace gas and deliver heat to the hot blast.

Hot floor

A floor, heated from below by steam pipes or hot gases, on which the refractory articles (especially brick shapes), ceramic wares in green stage or raw materials are placed for drying.

Hydraulic refractory cement Hydraulic setting mortar

A refractory composition containing heat-resisting hydraulic cement that ensures setting and hardening at room temperature.

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