Definitions of Refractories, Refractory Lining and Products whose terms are starting with alphabet J

Refractory (technology) Terms

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Jack arch

A sprung arch in which the outer surface is horizontal and the inner surface is either horizontal or arched with a large radius.

Jacket, Shell or Casing

The metal casing of the furnace enclosing the refractory brickwork.

Jamb

1. The vertical refractory brickwork of a furnace door or any other opening.

2. a vertical structural member forming the side of an opening in a furnace wall. Also for a type of refractory brick shapes, intended for use in sides of wall openings.    

Jamb brick

1. A brick, generally square-shaped, with one side forming part of the oven wall and the side at right angles to it forming part of the outside wall of the battery.

2. a brick in which one end face is completely rounded off to join one side face.

Joint

A space between refractory bricks generally filled with refractory mortar / cement.

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Glossary of Refractory Terms starting with alphabet I

Refractory Job | Refractory lining, Products and Technology
(Terms and Definitions)

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Ignition arch

Refractory arch designed to ensure good ignition of the fuel on mechanical grates..

Incongruent melting

Dissociation of a compound upon heating, with the formation of another compound and a liquid of different composition from the original compound. .

Insulating firebrick

A refractory brick characterized by low thermal conductivity and low heat capacity.

Intumscence

The property possessed by certain materials e.g. Perlites, of expanding permanently during suitable heat treatment, forming a vesicular texture. .

Iron notch or Taphole

A hole in the hearth wall which is opened to allow molten iron to flow from the furnace.

Iron spot

A dark coloured spot formed from particles of iron or its compounds present in a brick.

Isomorphous mixture

A type of solid solution in which mineral compounds of analogous chemical composition and closely related crystal habit crystallize together in various proportions. Each mixture is a homogeneous crystalline phase.  

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Glossary of Refractories, Products and Refractory Lining related terms starting with alphabet H

Refractory LINING | REFRACTORIES | REFRACTORY JOB

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Halloysite

A kind of very white, translucent clay.

Header

A brick laid on the flat or on the edge with its length perpendicular to the wall.

Hearth

The lower part of the blast furnace in which the molten metal and slag are retained.

Hearth bottom

The refractory lining upon which the molten iron is contained in the hearth.

Heat baffles

Refractory work protecting a metallic beam from heat.

Heat capacity or Thermal capacity

The quantity of heat required to increase the temperature of a body by one degree or which the body yields when the temperature is lowered by one degree, without change of state.

Heat-setting bonding mortar

A refractory mortar which requires relatively high temperature for the development of a bond.

Hood, Boot or Potette

Refractory shape introduced into the furnace and partly immersed in glass to protect the gathering point from the furnace gases and the surface scum.  

Hot-blast main

A circular duct which conveys the hot blast from a stove to a blast furnace.

Hot-blast stove Cowper stove

A vertical cylindrical furnace having a combustion chamber and checkers which alternatively receive heat from the combustion of blast furnace gas and deliver heat to the hot blast.

Hot floor

A floor, heated from below by steam pipes or hot gases, on which the refractory articles (especially brick shapes), ceramic wares in green stage or raw materials are placed for drying.

Hydraulic refractory cement Hydraulic setting mortar

A refractory composition containing heat-resisting hydraulic cement that ensures setting and hardening at room temperature.

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Glossary of Refractory Terms and related Products name starting with alphabet G

Refractory Technology Terms

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Ganister

(a) A silica rock formed by deposition of dissolved silica in the siliceous seat-earth of coal-seams.

(b) A dense, high-silica rock (quartzite), suitable for the manufacture of silica brick. Confusion sometimes results from the use of this term because it is also applied, in some parts of the USA, to the crushed firebrick or to mixtures of either crushed firebrick or silica rock with clay, for use in tamped linings.

Gate or Stopper

Movable piece used to control the flow of glass into a revolving pot of a suction-fed machine.

Gathering hole

An opening in the breast wall through which glass is gathered.

Git or Sprue

The metal which solidifies in the hollow casting-pit refractories, at the end of teeming.

Gob

A portion of molten refined glass which is either delivered by feeder or gathered on a gathering iron for fabrication on to a glass object.

Grading

Used in three senses:

1. Texture: grain-size distribution of a mix.

2. Grain-size analysis: process of separating a mixture of particles into definite size fractions, for the purpose of determining their proportions.

3. Blending: mixing together of different sized grains to obtain a desired texture.

Green strength

Mechanical strength of a ceramic product in the green state.

Grog

(a) Used or unused firebrick crushed and then used as a non-plastic material.

(b) Crushed firebrick or other calcined or fused materials (used or not used) for incorporation in a batch as a non-plastic material. The term is sometimes used to include a Chamotte.

(c) Burned refractory material usually calcined clay or crushed brick, added to a brick or mortar mix or sometimes castable to reduce shrinkage in drying and firing.

Ground fireclay mortar

A refractory mortar consisting of finely ground fireclay.    

Grout

A suspension of mortar material in water, of such consistency that when it is poured upon horizontal course of brick masonry, it will flow into vertical open joints.

Guard ring

(a) In various methods of measuring thermal conductivity, the test piece on which the measurement is made is placed centrally in the apparatus and is surrounded by a guard ring.

(b) A device for maintaining a unidirectional flow of heat through the test piece, in the measurement of thermal conductivity.

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Refractory Terms and Definitions of its related products name starting with alphabet F

REFRACTORIES & RELATED TERMS, DEFINITIONS
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Fantail or Fantail arch

Opening between the slag pocket and the regenerator.

Feather end

a brick, one of the side faces of which is inclined from the top of one end face to the bottom of the opposite one, where the thickness is reduced nominally to zero.

Feather side

A brick, one of the large faces of which is inclined from the top of one side face to the bottom of the opposite one, where the thickness is reduced nominally to zero.

Feed-end block

A refractory shape for use at the feed end of a rotary cement kiln.

Feeder

Mechanical system that produces gobs of glass for the forming machines.

Feeder channel

In container and pressed-ware furnaces, the part of the fore-hearth that carries the glass from the working end to the feeder mechanism.

Feeder nose or Feeder spout

Part of the feeder containing an opening in which orifice rings of various sizes can be fitted and forming the end of fore hearth.

Feeder sleeve or Feeder tube

Cylindrical tube surrounding the feeder plunger.

Feldspar

A natural mineral used for the vitrification of ceramic bodies in porcelain and earthenware manufacturing.

Firebox

One of the small chambers located wholly or partly in the wall of a kiln and in which the initial combustion of the fuel takes place.

Firebrick

A broad term covering any type of refractory brick used more narrowly to mean fireclay brick.

Fireclay

A clay which is resistant to high temperatures, and contains mainly kaolinitic clay minerals, free silica and only a small proportion of other impurities. It is plastic when sufficiently pulverized and wetted, rigid when sufficiently dried, and of suitable refractoriness for use in commercial refractory products.  

Fireclay, Nodular

A rock containing aluminous or ferruginous nodules, or both bonded by fireclay.

Fireclay, Plastic or Bond

A fireclay of sufficient plasticity to bind non-plastic materials.

Fireclay, Plastic Refractory

A fireclay material tempered with water and suitable for ramming into place to form a monolithic furnace lining that will attain satisfactory physical properties when subjected to the heat of furnace operation.

Firestone

A siliceous rock used in the natural state without further processing, other than cutting, as a furnace lining material.

Flaking (Peeling / Shelling)

The loss of the part of the surface of a refractory material as a consequence of cracking behind the hot face.

Flare bed

The duct which conveys producer gas to the nozzles of the combustion chambers in a setting of horizontal retorts.    

Flash wall

A continuous protective wall built within a kiln in front of the fireboxes.

Flexural strength

The nominal transverse breaking stress of a material.

Flint Fire clay

A hard or flint-like fireclay occurring as an unstratified massive rock, particularly devoid of natural plasticity and showing a concoidal fracture.  

Floater

Piece of refractory which floats on the surface of the glass in a tank furnace, placed across the width of the furnace. It may be either a single piece extending across the furnace or two or more pieces so arranged as to be held together by the flow of glass.  

Floor or Bottom

The refractory lining forming the base of the combustion chamber.

Flue

Duct constructed of brick or metal for the passage of gases.

Flux line or Metal level

The horizontal line around the inner surface of a tank furnace, corresponding to the upper surface of the molten glass.

Fore-hearth

The part or extension of a tank furnace from which glass is taken for forming.

Fused alumina, brown (BFA)

Fused in electric arc furnaces. Main raw material is a special (abrasive) grade of bauxite. During the fusion other oxides included in the bauxite (Fe, Ti, Si) are reduced to the desired level. Production can be described as fusing and refining process of bauxite.

Fused alumina, white (WFA)

Fused in electric arc furnaces. During fusion of abrasive grade alumina the physics of aluminum oxide are changed (higher density and different crystal structure and size).

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Glossary of Refractory Terms starting with alphabet E - Definitions of Refractories and related materials

REFRACTORY LINING TERMS

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Elutriation

A process of particle size separation in which particles of a given size are carried upwards by a stream of fluid moving at a constant velocity.

End arch or Wedge

A brick in which the large faces are inclined towards each other in such a way that one of the end faces is narrower than the other.

End face

In a standard square, one of the faces is bounded by the two shortest dimensions.

End feather or Feather end

A brick, one of the large faces of which is inclined from the top of one end face to the bottom of the opposite one, where the thickness is reduced normally to zero.

End skew

A brick in which one end face makes an angle of 60^O with one of the side faces and 120^O with the other which of reduced length.

Erosion of Refractories

Wearing away of refractory surfaces by the washing action of moving liquids and gases.

Eutectic temperature

The lowest melting temperature in a series of mixtures of two or more components.  

Exfoliation

The property possessed by certain materials, for example vermiculites and hydro-biotites, when submitted to sudden heating, to expand permanently in a direction parallel to the C-axis, forming a laminar texture.

Expansion joint

Space left in brick-work to accommodate the expansion which occurs on heating the furnace.

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